C'est le jour de la galette aujourd'hui, tu vas recevoir la fève et la couronne. Comme tu es content !
D'abord tu copies dans ta barre d'adresse le lien suivant : http://wtc.nist.gov/pubs/
(attention ne copie pas D'abord tu copie dans ta barre d'adresse le lien suivant sinon le monsieur qui est dans internet il deviendra "monsieur 404", un monsieur cré cré pas gentil !!! )
Puis de ton oeil aiguisé de chercheur de vérité tu scrutes la page à la recherche du sésame suivant :
Draft NIST Reports on the World Trade Center Investigation
c'est le premier lien, chanceux que tu es !!!
Puis sur :Full Report (292 pgs.)
Attention, c'est le troisième lien, pas le premier cette fois ci : ne te trompe pas.
Ensuite y'a un monsieur qui te dis que que y a un monsieur au nom un peu bizard (mais gentil quand même) "NISTNCSTAR1Draft.pdf" qui est en cours de chargement. Attention, ne va pas cliquer sur la croix en haut à droite en criant : Non, je veux pas le monsieur-au-nom-bizarre ! Le moment est crucial, inquiétant, mais calme tes alarmes, soldat de la Vérité : tu es sur la bonne voie ! Reopen ton âme, chante les oiseaux qui font pouik pouik dans les verts paturages, la Vérite (toute nue en plus) cours vers toi.
Alors quand ça s'ouvre, oh... mais tu ne comprend rien. C'est pas une langue en français, en fait.
Mais sans te démonter, vaillant soldat, d'abord tu essaye de déchiffrer l'ABSTRACT, page 15 (ça veut dire "résumé" dans cette langue qui n'est pas le français)
This is the final report on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) reconstruction of the collapses of the World Trade Center (WTC) towers, the results of an investigation conducted under the National Construction Safety Team Act. This reports describes how the aircraft impacts and subsequent fires led to the collapses of the towers after terrorists flew jet fuel laden commercial airliners into the buildings; whether the fatalities were low or high, including an evaluation of the building evacuation and emergency response procedures; what procedures and practices were used in the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the towers; and areas in current building and fire codes, standards, and practices that warrant revision. Extensive details are to be found in the 42 companion reports. The final report on the collapse of WTC 7 aears in a separate report.
Ca veut dire que tout le rapport est consacré à la reconstitution de l'effondrement du WTC ! Puis sous tes yeux embués de rêves et de cadeaux (Noel n'est pas si loin), le sommaire defile, et avec lui ses merveilles :
Chapter 1
New York Citys World Trade Center ................ 1
1.1 The Origination 1
1.2 The World Trade Center Complex ........2
1.2.1 The Site. 2
1.2.2 The T 5
Chapter 2
The Account of World Trade Center 1 ............ 19
2.1 8:46:30 a.m. EDT........... 19
2.2 The Aircraft.... 20
2.3 The Immediate Damage. 20
2.4 The Jet Fuel.... 24
2.5 8:47 a.m. to 9:02 a.m. EDTp 24
2.6 9:02:59 a.m. EDT........... 27
2.7 9:03 a.m. to 9:57 a.m. EDTp 27
2.8 9:58:59 a.m. EDT........... 32
2.9 9:59 a.m. to 10:28 a.m. EDT................ 32
2.10The Outcome.. 34
Chapter 3
The Account of World Trade Center 2 ............ 37
3.1 8:46:30 a.m. EDT........... 37
3.2 9:02:59 a.m. EDT........... 38
3.3 The Immediate Damage. 38
3.4 The Jet Fuel.... 42
3.5 9:03 a.m. to 9:36 a.m. EDTp 43
3.6 9:36 a.m. to 9:58 a.m. EDTp 44
3.7 The Outcome.. 45
Chapter 4
The Toll ...... 47
Part II: Reconstructing the Disaster
Chapter 5
The Design and Construction of the Towers . 51
5.1 Building and Fire Codes 51
5.2 The Codes and the Towersp. 51
5.2.1 The New York City Building Code............ 51
5.2.2 Pertinent Construction Provisions .............. 53
5.2.3 Tenant Alteration Process......... 54
5.3 Building Design ............. 54
5.3.1 Loads .. 54
5.3.2 Aircraft Impact ... 55
5.3.3 Construction Classification and Fire Resistance Rating................. 55
5.3.4 Compartmentation p.. 56
5.3.5 Egress Provisions p...57
5.3.6 Active Fire Protection .............. 60
5.4 Building I 63
5.4.1 The Need for Innovations......... 63
5.4.2 Framed Tube System................ 63
5.4.3 Deep Spandrel Plates................ 64
5.4.4 Uniform External Column Geometry ......... 64
5.4.5 Wind Tunnel Test Data to Establish Wind Loads ........ 64
5.4.6 Viscoelastic Dampers ............... 65
5.4.7 Long-Span Composite Floor Assemblies ... 65
5.4.8 Vertical Shaft Wall Panels........ 66
5.5 Structural Steels ............. 66
5.5.1 Types and Sourcesp.. 66
5.5.2 Proper 67
5.6 Passive Fire Protection... 68
5.6.1 Thermal Insulation p. 68
5.6.2 Use of Insulation in the WTC Towers........ 68
5.7 Concrete ......... 74
5.8 The Tenant Spaces ......... 74
5.8.1 General . 74
5.8.2 Walls... 75
5.8.3 Flooring 75
5.8.4 Ceiling 75
5.8.5 Furnishings ......... 75
Chapter 6
Reconstruction of the Collapses... 79
6.1 Aroach........ 79
6.2 Development of the Disaster Timeline 80
6.3 Learning from the Visual Images ........ 82
6.4 Learning from the Recovered Steel .....84
6.4.1 Collection of Recovered Steel .. 84
6.4.2 Mechanical and Physical Properties ........... 86
6.4.3 Damage Analysis 87
6.5 Information Gained from Other WTC Fires .......... 89
6.6 The Building Structural Models........... 90
6.6.1 Computer Simulation Software 90
6.6.2 The Reference Models.............. 90
6.6.3 Building Structural Models for Aircraft Impact Analysis .............. 92
6.6.4 Building Structural Models for Structural Response to Impact Damage and Fire and
Collapse Initiation Analysis ..... 95
6.7 The Aircraft Structural Model ........... 102
6.8 Aircraft Impact Modeling p 105
6.8.1 Component Level Analyses.... 105
6.8.2 Subassembly Impact Analyses ................. 106
6.8.3 Aircraft Impact Conditions..... 106
6.8.4 Global Impact Analysis .......... 107
6.9 Aircraft Impact Damage Estimates .... 110
6.9.1 Structural and Contents Damage .............. 110
6.9.2 Validity of Impact Simulations ................ 114
6.9.3 Damage to Thermal Insulation ................. 117
6.9.4 Damage to Ceiling System ..... 117
6.9.5 Damage to Interior Walls and Furnishings................. 118
6.10 Thermal Environment Modeling........ 118
6.10.1 Need for Simulation ............... 118
6.10.2 Modeling Aroach................ 119
6.10.3 The Four Cases. 124
6.10.4 Characterization of the Fires .. 124
6.10.5 Global Heat Release Rates ..... 128
6.11 Data Transfer . 128
6.12 Thermal Maing ........ 129
6.12.1 Aroach .......... 129
6.12.2 The Fire-Structure Interface ... 129
6.12.3 Thermal Insulation Properties 130
6.12.4 FSI Uncertainty Assessment... 131
6.12.5 The Four Cases. 136
6.12.6 Characterization of the Thermal Profiles.. 139
6.13 Measurement of the Fire Resistance of the Floor System ..... 139
6.14 Collapse Analysis of the Towers ....... 141
6.14.1 Aroach to Determining the Probable Collapse Sequences ....... 141
6.14.2 Results of Global Analysis of WTC 1...... 142
6.14.3 Results of Global Analysis of WTC 2...... 143
6.14.4 Structural Response of the WTC Towers to Fire Without Impact or Insulation
Dam 144
6.14.5 Probable WTC 1 Collapse Sequence........ 145
6.14.6 Probable WTC 2 Collapse Sequence........ 146
6.14.7 Accuracy of the Probable Collapse Sequences........... 148
6.14.8 Factors that Affected Building Performance on September 11, 2001 ........ 149
Chapter 7
Reconstruction of Human Activity ................ 151
7.1 Building Occupants...... 151
7.1.1 Background ...... 151
7.1.2 The Building Egress System .. 151
7.1.3 The EvacuationData Sources................ 153
7.1.4 Occupant Demographics ........ 154
7.1.5 Evacuation of WTC 1............. 154
7.1.6 Evacuation of WTC 2............. 156
7.2 Emergency Responders 159
7.2.1 Data Gathered... 159
7.2.2 Operations Changes Following the WTC 1 Bombing on February 26, 1993 p 160
7.2.3 Responder Organization ......... 162
7.2.4 Responder Accessp. 165
7.2.5 Communicationsp... 166
7.2.6 The Overall Response ............ 167
7.3 Factors That Contributed to Enhanced Life Safety................ 168
7.3.1 Aggregate Factorsp. 168
7.3.2 Individual Factorsp. 168
Part III: The Outcome of the Investigation
Chapter 8
Principal Findings... 171
8.1 Introduction.. 171
8.2 Summary...... 171
8.3 Findings on the Mechanisms of Building Collapse ............... 175
8.3.1 Summary of Probable Collapse Sequences ................ 175
8.3.2 Structural Steels 176
8.3.3 Aircraft Impact Damage Analysis ............ 177
8.3.4 Reconstruction of the Fires..... 179
8.3.5 Structural Response and Collapse Analysis ............... 180
8.4 Findings on Factors Affecting Life Safety........... 181
8.4.1 Active Fire Protection ............ 181
8.4.2 Evacuation ........ 183
8.4.3 Emergency Response ............. 186
8.5 Findings on Operational Codes, Standards, and Practices..... 189
8.5.1 General ............. 189
8.5.2 Structural Safety p... 190
8.5.3 Fire Safety ........ 191
8.6 Future Factors That Could Have Improved Life Safety ........ 194
8.6.1 Building Performance Factors 195
8.6.2 Human Performance Factors .. 195
Chapter 9
R 197
9.1 Building Standards and Codes: Who Is In Charge?............... 197
9.2 NISTS Recommendations for Improving the Safety of Buildings, Occupants, and
Emergency Responders 198
9.2.1 Group 1. Increased Structural Integrity ... 201
9.2.2 Group 2. Enhanced Fire Resistance of Structures ..... 204
9.2.3 Group 3. New Methods for Fire Resistance Design of Structures ............ 207
9.2.4 Group 4. Improved Active Fire Protection................ 209
9.2.5 Group 5. Improved Building Evacuation 210
9.2.6 Group 6. Improved Emergency Response................. 214
9.2.7 Group 7. Improved Procedures and Practices ........... 216
9.2.8 Group 8. Education and Training ............ 218
9.3 Oortunity for Public Comment ...... 218
9.4 Beginning the Implementation Process................ 219